Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutPRESENTATION 11.28.2007 - 08-00292 - Comprehensive Plan - 2020 AdoptionComprehensive Plan & Development Code Update "LDS Pioneers settled as a community. Here they worked for decades to build distinctive settlements governed by principles of cooperation, order, equity, and devotion to God. The physical layout and social order of their towns, homes, and fields expressed these values." LDS Church Museum of History From John Taylor, third LDS President: In all cases in making new settlements the Saints should be advised to gather together in villages, as has been our custom from the time of our earliest settlement in these mountain valleys. The advantage of this plan, instead of carelessly scattering out over a wide extent of country, are many and obvious. By this means the people can retain their ecclesiastical organizations.... They can also cooperate for the good of all in financial and secular matters, in making ditches, fencing fields, building bridges, and other necessary improvements. Further than this they are a mutual protection and source of strength against horse and cattle thieves, land jumpers, etc., and against hostile Indians, should there be any; while their compact organization gives them many advantages of a social and civic character which might be lost, misapplied or frittered away by spreading out so thinly that intercommunication is difficult, dangerous, inconvenient and expensive." 2 Joseph Smith's ideas about city planning are contained in a document known as the City of Zion plan, which he prepared in 1833. Smith described the curious orientation of the lots that he arranged "so that no one street will be built on entirely through the street." This system called for lots that ran north -south flanked by blocks with lots oriented east -west. Each house thus faced the side of a lot — typically a garden -- on the opposite side of the street, providing for connection and privacy as well as the observation of nature. "Smith's charge was to lay the foundation "of the land upon which the Zion of God shall stand" (Doctrine & Covenants 58:7) and create new community for a people who had been driven from their homes. By providing for the connection and privacy of the people— "on one square the houses will stand on one street, and on the next one, another," — and through promoting a walk -able environment in which the residents could easily find the goods and services they may need, Smith's City of Zion plan established in the physical world the spiritual principles governing the beliefs of the people." kjh "In Smith's design, every socio-economic position was accounted for. The land was not divided based on income, or financial status. The land was parceled out and homes of all types and sorts were to be built. The simple and the grand were to exist together. Smith's only distinction was that they were to be constructed of stone and brick. Large or small, he did not specify. All the lots were the same size and all the people were to be provided for — whether they could afford to do it for themselves, or have help doing it and then work to pay it off. In this way, diversity was not only prepared for, it was planned for." 3 Joseph intended that all members of the community live within the city: "Let every man live in the city, for this is the city of Zion." Farmers would live side by side with merchants and professionals, rather than on the outskirts of the community or on remote ranches and farms. The compact size of the community accommodated such living arrangements. By providing for the connection and privacy of the people — "on one square the houses will stand on one street, and on the next one, another," — and through promoting a walk -able environment in which the residents could easily find the goods and services they may need, Smith's City of Zion plan established in the physical world the spiritual principles governing the beliefs of the people. The deep individual lots would contain a stone or brick house and a garden. All barns, stables, and farmlands would be located outside the city, while farming families would reside within the city. Once the city was fully occupied, other towns would be constructed in the same manner to "fill up the world in the last days" 0 "At the center of Smith's plan were three sections of land to be used for public buildings, and more specifically, temples for a center of worship. Support at the center served the well-being of the people through providing a physical, psychological, and sociological framework on the very basic levels of attachment and connection." kjh 5 "To understand the power and the importance of the City of Zion plan, we must first understand the underlying concept of place identity and place attachment in the need for connection. Our built and natural environment — our means of connection — is essential to our health and well-being individually and collectively. When it is well designed, it provides for connectedness — bringing us closer to each other and closer together in our communities — as well as providing the privacy we need. This connectedness is the fruit of well-designed communities and of the thoughtful planning and development to include place - identity, topological identity, and the health and well-being of the people — all for the good of the whole." kjh [: Historic Rexburg Settlement: 1889 plat. The historic center of Rexburg has been inhabited since 1883. It served the central role envisioned by Joseph Smith in centralizing a community in one place, with farmer, merchant, teacher, etc, all living in one community, enjoying the benefits of such concentration. "In consideration of using place to meet the needs of the people in our community, there are several elements in the City of Zion plan and the traditional architecture used in the design of temples that are deserving of reflection. This reflection can bring us awareness and understanding that will help give us direction. Learning from history, understanding the impact of our built environment, and reflecting on our decisions can help us create, shape, and define the future for our well-being. We have the ability and the opportunity to reach further into our history for an understanding of what works from the very basic level of human need. The City of Zion plan combined with traditional architecture, support and symbol at the center, and walk -ability provided connection between the people and their community. It provided emotional attachment — a fundamental need for well-being." kjh 7 The historic grid was originally added onto (as seen in blue). In the 1950's many new government programs began to promote more suburban style development patterns (seen in red). I Planning Rexburg as a series of village squares develops a concentration of community amenities, creating true places in each neighborhood where community services can be located. (J The Impact of the Built Environment on Public Health D "In its broadest sense, environmental health compromises those aspects of human health, disease, and injury that are determined or influenced by factors in the environment. This includes not only the study of the direct pathological effects of various chemical, physical, and biological agents, but also the effects on health and well-being by the broad physical and social environment, which includes housing, urban development, land -use, transportation, industry, and agriculture." — Healthy People 2010, US Department of Health and Human Services You do what you plan to do. "We are in a moment in planning history when historically minded people and forward thinking people are thinking the same things." J. Gary Daynes "How a building or community is designed, how it fits into the landscape, how it does or doesn't encourage movement, how it makes people feel — physically, psychologically, and sociologically — and how it increases or reduces connection strictly by design, is vital to the health and well-being of the people in the community. We can learn from our history and create more of what will draw us together and hold us together sustainably." What is our goal in City Planning? Usually planning is reactive- we plan to solve problems Sometimes we're a little more forward -thinking — we plan to prevent new problems form arising Our ultimate goal is to plan for livable, beautiful, safe, and economically sustainable communities. Let's plan for this now, and the problems will solve themselves. 12 While many people know that "sprawl is bad," what are the core issues that make sprawl so undesirable? 1. Consumptive of Land: Sprawl continues to spread across formerly rural areas, converting open space and sensitive lands into new housing and shopping centers. 2. Blandness: the high development and infrastructure costs involved in building on the fringe results in low quality construction, and the "cookie cutter' homes that no one seems to care for. These subdivisions lack the basic elements that a neighborhood need in order to develop into a true community with a distinct character. 3. Inherently inefficient: Disconnected roads create interior roads that are largely unused, while funneling all traffic onto a few arterials that become overloaded, congested, and require expensive maintenance. Suburban roads are designed to be confusing, making wayfinding in sprawl development patterns difficult. Mandatory car use for every trip adds further cost to both the private and public sectors, even for the shortest of trips. 4. Fiscally unsustainable: The largest costs to municipalities for new developments is extension of utility lines and streets. Further maintenance of these facilities are becoming less and less feasible for city budgets. Levels of service for other needs, such as police, fire, and schools are reduced for everyone when sprawl continues. Cost per unit to the city increases substantially in sprawl developments compared to connected communities. 5. Socially and economically segregating: Separates citizens into distinct socioeconomic groups. Suburbs are designed primarily for motorists, marginalizing those who are too young to drive, too old to drive, or unable to drive for other reasons (nearly 1/3 of the population). 6. Safety: Wide residential streets in sprawl developments have higher fatality rates than narrower, traditional streets, due to higher design speeds. Emergency response times are much slower in cul-de-sac type development. Single use developments used for only part of the day (housing subdivisions, office parks, malls) are less safe during off hours with no "eyes on the street." 7. Unhealthy: Numerous studies have looked at the link between obesity and sprawl style development. Suburbs discourage walking, often making walking unsafe, uncomfortable, or impossible. With mandatory car use, air quality is also negatively affected by sprawl. 13 1. Housing Subdivisions: Also called clusters or pods. These places consist only of residences. They are sometimes called villages, towns, and neighborhoods by their developers, which is misleading, since those terms denote places which are not exclusively residential and which provide an experiential richness not available in a housing tract. Subdivisions can be identified as such by their contrived names, which tend toward the romantic—Pheasant Mill Crossing—and often pay tribute to the natural or historic resource they have displaced. (source: Suburban Nation, DPZ). People have become so accustomed to this type of development that any proposal to build anything other than housing in residential subdivision (schools, churches, commercial, etc) is met with NIMBY concerns. This is often an outgrowth of the city's ordinances that make many of these services hostile to the surrounding neighborhood, with largely auto oriented designs with large parking areas and little accommodation of pedestrians. Almost without exception, communities have tried to mitigate the loss of open space by requiring larger and larger lots in an effort to preserve some sense of open space. While this creates large percentages of unbuilt land, the land is segmented and privately owned, making it large )y inaccessible, precluding any thought of "meaningful" open space. This strategy has actually had the opposite effect on communities by consuming open lands at a faster rate than before and housing fewer people on more and more land. Additional)y, in rural communities, this segments the land to such an extent that those who still farm are pushed out, leaving communities with little more than "bedrooms" to define their sense of place. "If what you are selling is privacy and exclusivity, then every new house is a degradation of the amenity. However, if what you are selling is community, then every new house is an enhancement of the asset." --Vince Graham, Addressing the National Association of Home Builders, 1997 14 2. Shopping Centers: Also called strip centers, shopping malls, and big -box retail. These are places exclusively for shopping. They come in every size, from the Quick Mart on the corner to the Mall of America, but they are all places to which one is unlikely to walk. The conventional shopping center can be easily distinguished from its traditional main -street counterpart by its lack of housing or offices, its single -story height, and its parking lot between the building and the roadway. (source: Suburban Nation, DPZ). While most people want to have easy access to their daily needs, who would blame them for not wanting to live next to what strip mall developers are building today? 3. Office Parks: These are places only for work. Derived from the modernist architectural vision of the building standing free in the park, the contemporary office park is usually made of boxes in parking lots. Still imagined as a pastoral workplace isolated in nature, it has kept its idealistic name and also its quality of isolation, but in practice it is more likely to be surrounded by highways than by countryside. (source: Suburban Nation, DPZ). 16 Civic Institutions: The fourth component of suburbia is public buildings: town halls, churches, schools, and other places where people gather for communication and culture. In traditional neighborhoods, these buildings often serve as neighborhood focal points, but in suburbia they take an altered form: large and infrequent, generally unadorned owing to limited funding, surrounded by parking, and located nowhere in particular. A comparison between the size of the parking lot and the size of the building is revealing. Because pedestrian access is virtually nonexistent, and because the dispersion of surrounding homes often makes school buses impractical, schools in new suburbs are designed based on the assumption of massive automotive transportation. (source: Suburban Nation, DPZ). 17 Roadways: The fifth component of sprawl consists of the miles of pavement that are necessary to connect the other four disassociated components. Since each piece of suburbia serves only one type of activity, and since daily life involves a wide variety of activities, the residents of suburbia spend an unprecedented amount of time and money moving from one place to the next. Since most of this motion takes place in singly occupied automobiles, even a sparsely populated area can generate the traffic of a much larger traditional town. The same economic relationship is at work underground, where low-density land -use patterns require greater lengths of pipe and conduit to distribute municipal services. This high ration of public to private expenditure helps explain why suburban municipalities are finding that new growth fails to pay for itself at acceptable levels of taxation. (source: Suburban Nation, DPZ). IR Traditional Development is the way that towns and cities have developed for centuries. Suburban style of development with separated uses has only been happening for the last 50 years. There is now a growing consensus that traditional development patterns are functionally better than more auto -centric development. These time -tested principles are simple and easily applied to any scale of development. Traditional development is based on just a few concepts that plan for a diversity of uses, users, connections, and choices. Sprawl style development does the opposite: reduces the number of choices, reduces the number of connections, and creates large pods of one kind of use and user. 1. The Center: Each neighborhood has a clear center, focused on the common activities of commerce, culture, and governance. With a defined center, you have a community "heart' around which people gather both psychologically and physically. With many suburban cities that have developed over the last 50 years, all these uses have been scattered "no place in particular" and are now trying to create centers where the community heart can be. What is a Village Square? A place to locate community services Church School Neighborhood services Parks and plazas A community gathering place From the beginning of the Plat of Zion plan Joseph Smith planned three sections of land to be used for public buildings, and more specifically, temples for a 'center of worship." (Richard Bushman 2005) Support at the center served the well-being of the people through providing a physical, psychological, and sociological framework on the very basic levels of attachment and connection. 20 Pleasant Grove, Utah Notes: 1. Walkable with wide sidewalks—encourages getting out of the car 2. Many windows and doors (permeability) on the street—improves safety and overall architectural character 3. Angled Parking—reduces traffic speed, provides ample parking, buffers pedestrians from traffic 4. Automobiles— Cars are welcome, but it doesn't preclude other transportation modes 5. Second Floor—historically residential space over stores provided a residence for the owner or an affordable rental unit. Residential space in Village Centers add more people to the place, making the center not just a place where people visit, but where people live. 21 The Center Streetscape—investment in quality streetscape can increase property values, improve pedestrian experience, and create a specific neighborhood character. 2. On -Street Parking—buffers pedestrians from traffic, provides convenient access for visitors 3. Metered Parking—pays for improvements to the neighborhood, ensures that cars are not left there for the entire day. 4. Windows—glazing on the first floor provides opportunity for window shopping, even when stores are closed. Second floor windows improve safety on the street, with the feeling that there are many "eyes on the street." (Jane Jacobs) 22 2. The Five Minute Walk: Most people are willing to walk '% mile or less to reach a school/church/commercial area. "Walkable" areas are defined as those areas that provide a wide number of options within '% mile. With the original 1833 Plat of Zion plan, nearly 75% of the town was within a short, 5 -minute walk of the center blocks. Planning the city around these village centers will serve to concentrate needed services in defined areas, creating distinct districts with differing character. 23 Notes: 1. Wide Sidewalks: creating places that can be used for walking, sitting, on - street dining, display space, street festivals 2. Bikes: the presence of bikes shows that the area is frequented by a many different types of people, of different ages, and different needs. Walkability and Bikeability often go together. When a "complete street" is designed, one that doesn't favor the car to the exclusion of all other modes of travel, the overall result is more neighborhood friendly. 3. Ground -level retail: these areas are not only just "walkable," but they also have many things to see and do. Ground floors should be reserved for uses that will attract many visitors, while upper floors can be used for office and residential uses. 4. Streetscape and Parking: these serve as a buffer for pedestrians. 24 Developing more, smaller parks is a bit harder for cities in the short term. Developing one large, easily maintained park is much cheaper to maintain for a city than for many smaller parks; however, fewer people will use a park if they have to get in a car to drive to it. We are much more likely to use our neighborhood park, small though it may be, than to travel to a larger, more desirable park. A small neighborhood park, within walking distance of many people, will be used at different times of the day and week. A park that is used is a self-sustaining amenity. If most people are walking to a park, the city doesn't have to invest as much in parking facilities, and more land and money can be spent in providing quality park space, rather than another parking lot. Also, a park that is regularly used drives out undesirable elements that have come to be synonymous with many large, infrequently used parks in cities across the country. 25 Creating a trail system that works well with the existing and planned park system is key. Even if it is some distance to a park, if a user lives near a trail that they know will lead to the park, they are more likely to use the trail to get to the park, and consider the trail itself as part of the park system. Programming walking into daily activities can be encouraged by the form the city takes, and improve the quality of life for all residents in the city. P491 3. The Street Network 'As growth continues, the effectiveness and safely of key transportation corridors depends on a well-planned, integrated system of collector and local roadways." - madison county Transportaton Plan From the Madison County Transportation Plan (p.6-1): "As growth continues, the effectiveness and safety of key transportation corridors depends on a well-planned, integrated system of collector and local roadways." A suburban hierarchy of streets limits transportation choices and marginalizes non -motorists. M. Street Widths — the virtues of streets as places Statistics Cost to maintain Safety Speeding Local issues Snow removal What is a street? A street is a public place Playground Exercise —walking, jogging, bicycling Visit with neighbors Transportation — cars, bikes, and peds "if you want cars to drive like they are in a village, then build a village." Hans Monderman "American homebuilders are perhaps the best in the world when it comes to providing buyers with the private realm: the insides of the house. The problem is that most suburban residents, the minute they leave this refuge, are confronted by a tawdry and stressful environment." "Americans have the finest private realm in the developed world, but the public realm is brutal" 29 Narrow streets = safe streets. Narrow streets help to foster and create life on the street and streets as places. Issues: 1. Snow removal 2. Speed 3. Emergency response time 191( Planning for other uses: 1. The pedestrian environment 2. Streets as places 3. People catchers This street carries 30,000 cars/day (Utah Department of Transportation) 31 The number one attraction for people is other people; people like to be where other people are, whether they are motorists, pedestrians, diners, or residents. Wide sidewalks and place making elements (seating, landscaping, trees, food, water) help create places where people want to be. The use of place making elements to attract people helps to create life on the street and promote streets as places. MA Trees, wide sidewalks, and adequate but minimal parking help to create life on the street and strengthen business. People are more inclined to want to walk in front of shops where there are trees, places to sit, and room to move about. 33 Homes help us understand the "mixed-use" concept. Home are essentially mixed-use buildings. We would never build a home comprised only of bedrooms. Why do we restrict non-residential buildings to only one use? Scale may vary — from the Gateway (in SLC) size development to this small mixed-use building in a central SLC residential neighborhood. 35 Westminster College, SLC. Communities can be Strengthened by Structure The location of a building says a tremendous amount about the value a community places on a particular community asset. A community is always strengthened by the placement of special buildings on distinctive sites and place identity is one of the positive outcomes. When we have place -identity and topological identity, we have a sense of belonging that contributes to our well-being through the connection it provides. "Place identity is a substructure of self-identity, consisting of cognitions relating to the physical world in which the subject lives (Proshansky et al., 1983). According to Proshansky, "...The Self can be thought of as a term which describes the individual as a total system including both conscious and unconscious perceptions of his past, his daily experiences and behaviors, and his future aspirations." Based on this definition, Proshansky introduces a working definition of "place -identity": "It is a sub -structure of the identity of the person --consisting of broadly conceived cognitions about the physical world in which the individual lives. These cognitions represent memories, ideas, feelings, attitudes, values, preferences, meanings, and conceptions of behavior and experiences which relate to the variety and complexity of physical settings that define the day-to-day existence of every human being." M SENSE OF PLACE CAN BE CREATED WITH STRUCTURE The setting of special buildings develops the identity of the community. People form attachment to their places through the significant structures that surround them. Well placed and well designed structures can contribute significantly to sense of place and the attachment so necessary in creating an engaged citizenry. (SLC/SLCO building: the municipal heart of the city, site of public events, celebrations, and gatherings.) "The physical structure and environment has an impact — for good or ill — on the people. It's not just about what is beautiful or symmetrical. How a building or community is designed, how it fits into the landscape, how it does or doesn't encourage movement, how it makes people feel — physically, psychologically, and sociologically — and how it increases or reduces connection strictly by design is vital to the health and well-being of the people in the community." kjh 37 ATTACHMENT CAN BE FOSTERED WITH STRUCTURE The temple serves as possibly the most profound example of the importance of meaningful structure within a community. Special buildings provide attachment and connection for people to their place. In addressing the importance of the Salt Lake City temple in creating attachment for the pioneers, "It was an architectural medium of religious devotion to connect the people to their God, to connect them to their land, and to bind them to each other. It gave them meaning while they defined the place in which they lived. The contrast between the homes they built for themselves and the homes they built for God is striking. Certainly at no other time in American history did people make their print on a place in such a way. Given to modesty, thrift, and industry, making their new home in what had been an uninhabited desert, they constructed their personal dwellings in the most austere ways. They built and lived in small structures of logs, stone, brick, and mortar — all carved from the landscape — while they chiseled marble and granite with tools in their hands creating temples of extraordinary beauty in which to worship their God. They lived modestly and built the best for God." KJ Hill M Fort Collins is a small town in southwestern Colorado. It was not a Plat of Zion community as many of the cities and towns in Utah and Idaho were, but it was still developed on a traditional grid street pattern. 39 Developer reaction: - Some developers have embraced the concept and are trying to create connected communities - Most developers understand the concept and are willing work within the framework - The city has not experienced a strong resistance from the development community - The city allows for some alternative compliance to the grid for rail lines or drainage easements Community reaction: The biggest concern that the city has faced is residents of existing neighborhoods objecting to the connection of their cul-de-sac or stub roads to new or other existing neighborhoods. There is a fear that this will increase the amount of traffic on their residential streets. The concern about increasing traffic is simply perception, and can be easily address with a complete street network. A complete grid creates the opportunity for alternate routes and actually decreases the amount of traffic concentrated on a single road. Additional items of interest: The city has a number of alleys. These are considered private roads, and the residents (HOAs) are responsible for plowing snow on these roads. all Logan is a college town in northern Utah. It was an original Plat of Zion community, and the grid is evident in the historic drawing above. 41 Developer reaction: -The most frequent question from developers is, "why do I have to put in a road that connects to nothing?" -The city has given developers an option to simply dedicate the ROW and maintain the appropriate setbacks, but not actually construct the roadway. Instead they are asked to create an escrow fund to allow the city to construct the road at a later time. The city has opted to focus on greater connectivity within developments rather than on connection between developments. -The escrow fund option has created some problems for the city. Developers are asking for a sunset clause, returning their money if the road is not constructed by a certain time. The city is currently rewriting the development code to remove this option. Community reaction: -The city has not experienced any resistance from the community to the new block system. Additional items of interest: -the city has only a handful of alleys. They are considered public roads and the city plows them. -The city has a winter parking restriction, prohibiting on -street parking between 9 pm and 5 am. -The city is currently rewriting their development code following a Form Based Code format. 42 The connectivity created by the grid protects local roads from becoming arterials, and creates alternate routes in times of emergency. "[A] gridded network is superior at handling automobile traffic, providing multiple routs between destinations. Because the entire system is available for local travel, trips are dispersed, and traffic on most streets remains light. If there is an accident, drivers simply choose an alternate path. The efficiency of the traditional grid explains why Charleston, South Carolina, at 2,500 acres, handles an annual tourist load of 5.5 million people with little congestion, while Hilton Head Island, ten times larger, experiences severe backups at 1.5 million visitors. Hilton Head, for years the suburban planners' exemplar, focuses all its traffic on a single collector road." - Suburban Nation, DPZ The design, specifically width, of a road has a tremendous amount to do with the function of a roadway. Wider streets encourage fast travel, as drivers feel confident driving fast along an unobstructed road. Narrow streets encourage drivers to slow down. Drivers must concentrate more on their driving as the roadway has more obstructions and less visibility. Working in the City of Longmont, Colorado, Swift and Associates looked at 20,000 automobile accident reports. The study, "Residential Street Typology and Injury Accident Frequency" determined that "the most significant causal relationships to injury and accident was street width and street curvature." Accidents per mile per year exponentially increased with increasing street widths. 43 This diagram illustrates how the street networks of each individual cell connect with one another creating a web of transportation routes for both the driver and the pedestrian. A connected network of village squares and parks provide the opportunity for residents to rekindle a connection with their neighbors and build community support systems, while at the same time meeting their daily needs (shopping, recreation, worship, socializing) - all within a short walk of their home. ►M, ! 3 ❑` o� ❑ ❑'i �f d ❑ �l D t i S y ❑i ❑ ❑I. _i El ❑I I a b v d d S y L This diagram illustrates how the street networks of each individual cell connect with one another creating a web of transportation routes for both the driver and the pedestrian. A connected network of village squares and parks provide the opportunity for residents to rekindle a connection with their neighbors and build community support systems, while at the same time meeting their daily needs (shopping, recreation, worship, socializing) - all within a short walk of their home. ►M, We propose a phased approach to development of the areas surrounding Rexburg. This approach will concentrate public expenditures in areas where the city will get the "biggest bang for the buck," and help to encourage the development, and preservation, of the sense of community that has been identified as a goal of the city. While development in subsequent phases should not be limited, the city should focus it's efforts and resources in a single area at a time to ensure that the development that happens in that area is of the highest quality and design possible. Given our understanding of projected projected population growth, each of these phases can accommodate several decades of growth. Phase I includes the lands west of the city that are currently experiencing development pressure. It encourages the use of existing infrastructure systems, and postpones significant public expenditure in new roadways. This phase is likely to be very residential in nature. Phase 2 is located south of the city, near the BYU-I campus and the temple. A new roadway is just being completed that will serve this area. This area is also likely to be primarily residential in nature. Phase 3 is located north of the city and is a prime area for the city to locate super blocks for larger industrial or commercial developments. The area available for development north of the city is large enough to accommodate a number of residential developments as well as the commercial and industrial uses. 45 Phase I Collector roads are positioned on existing road and 1 mile grid section lines. Village Squares are located at areas where civic and community uses are planned or already exist - such as the new high school. Village squares have easy access to the highway via arterial roadways. A green grid connects several small park spaces and provides accommodation for pedestrians and bicycles. W. Phase 2 Collector roads are located along existing roadways and the 1 mile grid section lines Village squares are located at areas of existing community activity (temple) or where arterial roadways exist or are planned. A suggested grid connecting the BYU-I land to surrounding areas is shown, but development of these roadways is at the University's discretion. The grid does not extend past 400 East in this diagram, but we intend to extend it to the toe of the bench, connecting to Mill Hollow Road. 47 BYU-Idaho THREE IMPERATIVES Substantially improve the quality of every aspect of the student's experience. w Serve more students. Lower the relative cost of education. Substantially improve the quality of every aspect of the student's experience l?s" A W !, r Networks and connections are important to the health and well-being of students and their ability to learn effectively. Student's experience: Educational ➢ Religious/spiritual 'r Social/cultural Physical Psychological Professional Development Serve more students 'v Provide adequate employment ➢ Plan for quality housing ➢ Enable positive residentIstudent relationships r Provide a supportive environment in the community to serve the student's educational, religious/spiritual, social/cultural, physical, psychological, and professional development needs. Lower the relative cost of education Y Transportation Expenses (Students report having to drive to Idaho Falls for nearly everything they need.) n Housing and personal expenses Local businesses could benefit from student expenditures staying within the community. v A stronger economic base within the community would serve as an engine for strengthening the local economy and providing opportunities for students to gain local community building experience. Healthy Communities and Student Life "Healthy communities are places that learn. They learn from their past, and they plan to keep learning. Planning to learn means at least two things: first, designing neighborhoods that integrate learning institutions like schools, churches, local businesses, and cultural centers into community life; second, making decisions in a way that learns from a broad range of community members, not just those most familiar with the formal processes of government. These two commitments go together. Well-designed neighborhoods help create better informed citizens, who in turn help make decision -makers smarter." Dr. Gary Daynes, Westminster College, SLC Strengthening a community strengthens everyone. Students are healthiest in healthy, vibrant communities that learn. They are better able to contribute to their communities of the future if they have a strong community in their past from which to draw. We Create what we Plan to Create.